Con Pec 2000; 19:71-89
© 2000 Cambridge Political Economy Society
Article |
A theory of the (growth of the) transnational firm: a Penrosean perspective
Judge Institute of Management Studies and Queen's College, Cambridge, UK
Abstract
In this paper I apply a Penrosean perspective to the theory of the growth of the transnational corporation (TNC). I suggest that TNCs are the result of a dynamic interaction between endogenous factors to the firm and external opportunities and threats, as perceived by the firm's management. Trans-border geographical diversification is the result of limits to domestic expansion, failed or missing markets, perceived differential opportunities abroad, and oligopolistic interaction. The choice of institutional mode (foreign direct investment over putting out, subcontracting, licensing or exporting) is also the result of missing or failing markets, perceived differential capabilities, and oligopolistic interaction.